導(dǎo)讀:一些人認(rèn)為每晚飲用一杯紅酒有利于維持心臟健康，但目前看來他們需要改變想法了。一項(xiàng)最新研究表明，超出推薦飲酒限量后，每飲用一杯紅酒或是一瓶啤酒，其預(yù)期壽命就將減少半小時。
Drinking will shorten your life, according to a study that suggests every glass of wine or pint of beer over the daily recommended limit will cut half an hour from the expected lifespan of a 40-year-old.
研究表明，喝酒會縮短你的壽命。根據(jù)一項(xiàng)研究，40歲的人為例，每天喝一杯葡萄酒或一品脫啤酒，預(yù)期壽命將縮短半個小時。
Those who think a glass of red wine every evening will help keep the heart healthy will be dismayed. The paper, published in the Lancet medical journal, says five standard 175ml glasses of wine or five pints a week is the upper safe limit – about 100g of alcohol, or 12.5 units in total. More than that raises the risk of stroke, fatal aneurysm (a ruptured artery in the chest), heart failure and death.
那些認(rèn)為每天晚上喝一杯紅酒有助于保持心臟健康的人會感到沮喪。這項(xiàng)發(fā)表于《柳葉刀》醫(yī)學(xué)雜志的研究指出，每周健康飲酒的上限為5杯175毫升的紅酒或者5品脫（1品脫約為568毫升）啤酒，相當(dāng)于攝入100克純酒精。超過這個上限，飲用者患中風(fēng)、致命性動脈瘤（胸腔動脈破裂）、心臟衰竭以及死亡的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)將會提升。
“The paper estimates a 40-year-old drinking four units a day above the guidelines [the equivalent of drinking three glasses of wine in a night] has roughly two years’ lower life expectancy, which is around a 20th of their remaining life. This works out at about an hour per day. So it’s as if each unit above guidelines is taking, on average, about 15 minutes of life, about the same as a cigarette.
“這項(xiàng)研究估計(jì)，一個40歲的普通人如果每天攝入的酒精量超出標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值30多克，即比推薦值多飲用大約300毫升紅酒或是1升啤酒，其預(yù)期壽命平均會減少2年左右，也就約為剩余壽命的二十分之一——換句話說，相當(dāng)于每天減少一個小時。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)之上的每半杯酒會減壽15分鐘，相當(dāng)于一支煙的危害，”
“Of course, it’s up to individuals whether they think this is worthwhile.”
“當(dāng)然具體要怎么抉擇，還是要看大眾覺得這樣是否值得。”
There is still a small benefit to drinking, which has been much flagged in the past. It does reduce the chance of a non-fatal heart attack. But, said Dr Angela Wood, from the University of Cambridge, lead author of the study, “this must be balanced against the higher risk associated with other serious – and potentially fatal – cardiovascular diseases.”
飲酒仍然有一個小好處，這在過去已經(jīng)證實(shí)了多次。它確實(shí)減少了非致命心臟病發(fā)作的幾率。但是，這項(xiàng)研究的第一作者、劍橋大學(xué)的Angela Wood博士說，“這必須與其他嚴(yán)重的、可能致命的心血管疾病的高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)相平衡。”
The study included data from nearly 600,000 current drinkers included in 83 studies carried out in 19 countries. About half the participants reported drinking more than 100g per week, and 8.4% drank more than 350g per week. Early deaths rose when more than 100g per week, which is five to six glasses of wine or pints of beer, was consumed.
這項(xiàng)大型研究匯集了來自83項(xiàng)已有研究的數(shù)據(jù)，數(shù)據(jù)包含了19個國家的近60萬名飲酒者。其中大約一半?yún)⑴c者表示每周都會飲用超過100克酒精，8.4%甚至表示會超過350克。以每周100克酒精，即大約5~6杯紅酒或五六瓶啤酒為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，當(dāng)攝入量超過這一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)時，全因死亡率開始上升。
A 40-year-old who drank up to twice that amount (100 to 200g) cut their life expectancy by six months. Between 200g and 350g a week, they lost one to two years of life, and those who drank more than 350g a week shortened their lives by four to five years.
當(dāng)40歲的普通人每周攝入的酒精量分別超出標(biāo)準(zhǔn)100~200克、200~350克及超過350克時，其預(yù)期壽命將分別減少半年、2年及4~5年。
Dr Tony Rao, visiting lecturer in old age psychiatry at King’s College London, said the study “highlights the need to reduce alcohol related harm in baby boomers, an age group currently at highest risk of rising alcohol misuse”. It did not take into account the possibility of mental disorders such as dementia, which could accompany the other health problems drinkers incur.
倫敦國王學(xué)院老年精神疾病領(lǐng)域的訪問講師Tony Rao表示：“這項(xiàng)研究強(qiáng)調(diào)，“嬰兒潮”（指大批出生于二戰(zhàn)后的1946至1964年間的人群）尤其需要減少酒精攝入，以降低酒精對身體的相關(guān)損害。這些人是酒精泛濫的最高危人群”。這項(xiàng)研究沒有考慮酒精給酗酒者帶來精神疾病的可能性，例如癡呆，它可能伴隨其他相關(guān)疾病出現(xiàn)。
In a commentary in the Lancet, Profs Jason Connor and Wayne Hall from the University of Queensland Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research in Australia, anticipated that the suggestion of lowering recommended drinking limits will come up against opposition.“The drinking levels recommended in this study will no doubt be described as implausible and impracticable by the alcohol industry and other opponents of public health warnings on alcohol. Nonetheless, the findings ought to be widely disseminated and they should provoke informed public and professional debate.”
不過，不少人對于這項(xiàng)研究能發(fā)揮多大的作用仍持有疑問。澳大利亞昆士蘭大學(xué)青少年藥物濫用研究組織的教授Jason Connor 和Wayne Hall就在《柳葉刀》的評論中表示，他們預(yù)計(jì)降低推薦飲酒限量的決策會受到反對：“酒水企業(yè)和其他反對向公眾警示酒精危害的人，一定會稱這項(xiàng)研究推薦的飲酒量是難以置信、不切實(shí)際的。然而無論如何，這項(xiàng)研究都理應(yīng)被廣泛地傳播，并以此為契機(jī)，激起大眾及專業(yè)層面的討論。”